✔Analog, Digital & Power Electronics concepts
✔Embedded systems and basic architecture
✔Understanding real-world application requirements
✔System-level thinking and design approach
✔Datasheet reading and parameter understanding
✔Component selection (ICs, passives, power devices)
✔Circuit simulation (LTspice / tools)
✔Debugging simulation issues and design failures
✔Schematic design (industry standards)
✔PCB layout design and routing techniques
✔Design guidelines (EMI/EMC, high current, high speed)
✔Industry-level design review and validation process
✔Component procurement and vendor understanding
✔Prototype development (PCB assembly & bring-up)
✔Proof of Concept (POC) validation
✔Hardware debugging and failure analysis
✔Certification requirements and standards overview
✔EMI/EMC, safety, and compliance basics
✔Design validation and performance testing
✔Root cause analysis of test failures and improvements